How to Make APA Format Tables and Figures Using Microsoft Word
I. Tables versus Figures
Tables and figures are used to display critical information, which may be challenging to share in the text. Tables use words and numbers displayed where the arrangement of the data does not visually display a spatial arrangement. Figures, on the other hand, communicate numerical information using spatial relations for comparison. For specific information about tables and figures according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA, 2020).
II. Examples of APA Tables
A. Descriptive Table
Table 1
Characteristics of Variables
| Variable | Variable Type | Level of Measurement |
| Group, intervention, or tool | Independent | Nominal
|
| Rates or events | Dependent | Nominal
|
| Socioeconomic status or categories in an order | Dependent | Ordinal
|
| Time, temperature | Dependent | Interval
|
| Age, height, scores of tests | Dependent | Ratio |
Note: Add notes here = (Provide any reference, 2019).
Number of Handoffs Per Groups
| Group | Number of Handoffs (%) |
| Pre-Intervention Group (Baseline) | 150 (50%) |
|
SBAR Group |
150 (50%) |
Note. SBAR handoff was defined as …. (Reference, 2020)
Table 1
Age, Gender Level of Education, and Experience
| n | % | ||
| Gender | Male | 4 | 13.3 |
| Female | 26 | 86.7 | |
| Age | 24-30 | 15 | 50.0 |
| 31-40 | 7 | 23.3 | |
| 41-50 | 4 | 13.3 | |
| 51-60 | 2 | 6.6 | |
| 61-70 | 2 | 6.6 | |
| Level of Education | Diploma | 2 | 6.6 |
| Associates in Nursing | 2 | 6.6 | |
| Bachelor of Science in Nursing | 24 | 80.0 | |
| Master of Science in Nursing | 2 | 6.6 | |
| Oncology Nursing Certification | Nurses with certification | 4 | 13.3 |
| Nurses without certification | 26 | 86.7 | |
| Years of Experience in Nursing | |||
| Nursing | 0-5 years | 10 | 33.3 |
| 6-10 years | 5 | 16.7 | |
| 11-20 years | 10 | 33.3 | |
| 21-30 years | 5 | 16.7 | |
| Charge Nurse | 0-5 years | 5 | 16.7 |
| 6-10 years | 10 | 33.3 | |
| 11-20 years | 10 | 33.3 | |
| 21-30 years | 5 | 16.7 | |
| Working on Unit | 0-5 years | 10 | 33.3 |
| 6-10 years | 10 | 33.3 | |
| 11-20 years | 5 | 16.7 | |
| 21-30 years | 5 | 16.7 |
Table 1
Number of Hours Per Week Spent in Various Activities
| Group | Baseline
(n = 30) |
Post Intervention
(n = 30) |
Total Sample
(n = 60) |
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |
| Schoolwork | 18.23 (7.79) | 16.23 (3.99) | 17.63 (1.2) |
| Physical activities | 19.54 (3.63) | 14.23 (2.84)* | 18.67 (1.0) |
| Socializing | 16.23 (3.99) | 17.63 (1.2) | 18.23 (7.79) |
| Watching television | 14.23 (2.84) | 18.67 (1.0) | 19.54 (3.63) |
| Extracurricular activities | 19.54 (3.63) | 18.23 (7.79) | 19.22 (5.45) |
Note. Schoolwork was defined as time spent doing classwork outside of regular class time. *statistically significant at p <.05
B. Chi-Square Example (Group IV x Group DV)
Cross-tabulation of Groups and Misses and Non-Misses
|
Group |
Communication Misses/Non-Misses |
|||
| No Misses | Misses | U | p | |
|
Baseline |
||||
| Intervention |
Note. **= p < .01. Adjusted standardized residuals appear in parentheses below group frequencies.
Table 1
Cross-tabulation of Gender and Chronic Pain
| Chronic
Pain |
Gender | |||
| Female | Male | χ2 | Φ | |
|
Yes |
3
(-2.5) |
8
(2.5) |
4.10** |
.50 |
|
No |
8
(2.5) |
4
(-2.5) |
Note. **= p < .01. Adjusted standardized residuals appear in parentheses below group frequencies.
C. t-Test Example (Dichotomous Group IV x Score DV)
Notice two separate t-test results have been reported, which can be compared by the reader.
Chronic Pain Score and Exercise Time for Males and Females
| Gender | ||||
| Female | Male | t | Df | |
|
Pain Score |
3.33 (1.70) |
3.75 (1.79) |
-2.20* | 175 |
|
Exercise Time |
4.28 (.7509) |
3.87 (.9280) |
4.2** | 176 |
Note. * = p < .05, *** = p < .001. Standard deviations appear in parentheses below means.
Table 1
Enter a descriptive title.
| Outcome | ||||
| Before Score | After Score | t | Df | |
|
Baseline |
Mean (SD) |
Mean (SD) |
Value for t* | Degrees of freedom value |
|
Intervention |
Mean (SD) |
Mean (SD) |
Value for t* | Degrees of freedom value |
Note. * = p < .05, *** = p < .001. Standard deviations appear in parentheses below means.
D. One Way ANOVA with 3 Groups Example (Group IV x Score DV)
Within an analysis of variance (ANOVA), an analysis of the effects of comparisons is reported using the F and n2. Notice in the table below, four different analyses or comparisons are displayed. However, if a significant difference is noted, the analysis should go further and provide the comparisons which are made post hoc for any significant analyses. The F value is marked as significant or not with asterisks (***). The power of this table is the ability to examine four different analyses at the same time.
Table 1
Analysis of Variance for Sleep Times and Experimental Groups
| Experimental Group | |||||
| Aerobic Exercise | Weight Lifting | No Exercise | F | η2 | |
| Total Sleep Time | 8.23a
(.55) |
6.93b
(.90) |
7.73ab
(.55) |
4.78***
|
.18 |
| Total Wake Time | 3.56a
(.70) |
3.62a
(.55) |
3.24a
(.90) |
.07 | .00 |
| Total Light Sleep | 3.29c
(.73) |
2.89
(.72) |
3.02b
(.49) |
1.95* | .06 |
| Total Deep Sleep | 3.21b
(.19) |
3.10a
(.28) |
3.30a
(.19) |
.20 | .01 |
Note. * = p < .05, *** = p < .001. Standard deviations appear in parentheses below means. Means with differing subscripts within rows are significantly different at the p < .05 based on Fisher’s LSD post hoc paired comparisons.
Any comparison found to be significant should be further evaluated using a post hoc analysis to determine the factor associated with the significance, e.g., aerobic exercise, weightlifting, or no exercise.
E. Factorial ANOVA Example 2 x 3 Between-Subjects Design
Two tables are used within a factorial ANOVA. First, the overall results for the main effects are provided for the two independent variables. Then the interaction effect for the two independent variables is provided. The simple effects are used to show any interactions which may be present.
Table 1
Experimental Group x Sex Factorial Analysis of Variance for Sleep Scores
| Source | Df | F | η2 | p |
| Experimental Group | 2 | 7.93 | .17 | .001** |
| Sex | 1
|
31.41
|
.34
|
.001**
|
| Group x Sex (interaction)
|
2
|
7.85
|
.17
|
.002 **
|
| Error (within groups) | 30 |
** = p < .01.
Table 5
Analysis of Sleep Scores for Experimental Groups by Gender
| Aerobic Exercise | Weight Lifting | No Exercise | Simple Effects:
F df (2, 30) |
|
|
Males |
10.37a
(2.50) |
10.30a
(2.34) |
10.33a
(1.63) |
.04 |
|
Females |
4.83a
(1.60) |
10.50b
(2.59) |
4.50a
(1.52) |
15.74** |
|
Simple Effects: F df (1, 30) |
23.56**
|
.00
|
23.56** |
Note. ** = p < .01. Standard deviations appear in parentheses bellow means. Means with differing subscripts within rows are significantly different at the p < .05 based on Fisher’s LSD post hoc paired comparisons.
F. Correlations (Scores IV x Scores IV)
Table 1
Pearson’s Product Moment Correlations for Chronic Pain Score, Exercise Attitude Scores,
and Physical Activity
| Demographic Influences on Exercise | ||
| Weight | Age | |
| Chronic Pain Score
Pain Level |
.39*** |
-.07 |
|
Pain Intensity |
.15 |
.22* |
|
Physical Exercise
Type of Exercise |
-.26** |
-.19† |
|
Time of Exercise |
-.13
|
-.21*
|
| Intent to Exercise | .02 | -.10 |
Note. † = p < .10, *= p < .05, **= p < .01, ***= p < .001. N = 96 for all analyses.
III. Examples of APA Figures
Figures are used to show spatial relationships so that comparisons between variables or factors can be visually demonstrated. Figures should be easy to read, relevant, and identify the features being compared using labels, titles, and colors to present the data. The figure should be kept on one page and supplement the text. The caption should provide enough detail that the figure can be understood without having to refer to the text.
Figure 1 Graph of Scores Before and After
Note: Reprinted from S. GCU. Alternatively, adapted from or www.website.com and reprinted with permission.
Additional Examples:
Table 1
Chronic Pain Score and Exercise Time for Males and Females
| Gender | ||||
| Female | Male | t | Df | |
|
Pain Score |
3.33 (1.70) |
3.75 (1.79) |
-2.20* | 175 |
|
Exercise Time |
4.28 (.7509) |
3.87 (.9280) |
4.2** | 176 |
Note. * = p < .05, *** = p < .001. Standard deviations appear in parentheses below means.
Table 1
Table Title Should be Capitalized and Italicized, if Longer Than One-line, Single Space the Title so That it Runs Like This.
______________________________________________________________________________
Variable Variable
Category Group Group Group Group
Table Spanner
1 # # # #
2 # # # #
3 # # # #
___________________________________________________________________________
Table Spanner
1 # # # #
2 # # # #
3 # # # #
___________________________________________________________________________
Total # # # #
Table 1
Means and Standard Deviations in the Measure
_____________________________________________________________________________
Enter the Measure or Variable Score
Category n M SD
| 1 | # | # | # |
| 2 | # | # | # |
| 3 | # | # | # |
| 4 | # | # | # |
| 5 | # | # | # |
Note: Enter notes
*Enter specific notes
Table 1
Participant Characteristics
__________________________________________________________________________
Group One Other Group
Measure M SD M SD F (DF) p __
| 1 | # | # | # | # | #(#,#) | # |
| 2 | # | # | # | # | #(#,#) | # |
| 3 | # | # | # | # | #(#,#) | # |
| 4 | # | # | # | # | #(#,#) | # |
Table 1
Independent Sample t-test
____________________________________________________________________________________
| Group One Group Two | ||||||
| Source | M | SD | M | SD | t (df) | p*** |
| Variable 1 | # | # | # | # | # (#) | # |
____________________________________________________________________________________
Note: M = Mean, SD = Standard Deviation.
***P<0.001. N=#
Table 1
Chi-Square Results
| Group
Before After χ2** φ |
||||
| Yes | #
(##) |
#
(##)
|
# | # |
| No | #
(##) |
#
(##) |
||
Note. **= p < .01. Adjusted standardized residuals appear in parentheses low group frequencies.
Table 1
One-Way Analysis of Variance of the Results
| Source | df | SS | MS | F | p |
| Between groups | 2 | 18.14 | 9.07 | 4.09 | .02 |
| Within groups | 70 | 155.23 | 2.22 | ||
| Total | 72 | 173.37 |
____________________________________________________________________________________
References
American Psychological Association (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological
Association. (7th ed.). Washington, DC; Author
Microsoft Word ®. (2019). Retrieved from https://products.office.com/
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