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The Clipboard Tablet Co

Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u Product review PAGEREF _Toc381182676 h 1Financial review PAGEREF _Toc381182677 h 2Market review PAGEREF _Toc381182678 h 3Proposed alternate strategy PAGEREF _Toc381182679 h 5

There are three different tablets currently being produced by clipboard Tablet Company these are X5, X6 and X7.My main goal as the VP of marketing at Clipboard tablet company is to review these three products in the past four to six years and critically examine them in terms of the way the products have been developed, their sales ,their pricing and how they have performed against their competition. After this review I should come up with a new strategy for the products.

Product reviewX5 is a product that has a plastic case; it costs $250 and has been in the market for about three years now. It has remained stagnant at a stage of maturity and shakeup in the three years it has been in the market. Market research done on X5 shows that customers are not quite worried about the performance of this rather old tablet when compared to X6 and X7.X6 is a product that has a flat metal case costing $400 and has been in has existed in the market for about two years. Its market research indicates that customers have concerns on its performance and not exactly the price of the product. This means that customers decisions on whether or not to purchase the product are based on their considerations of its quality.X7 is a product with a case that is colored costing $ 200 and it quite new since it has been in the market for close to a year. Market research on X7 shows that the customers have concerns on both the price as well as its performance (Catherine, 2011).

Financial reviewThese three different products are different when their financial analysis is done. The former VP had set prices as well as research and development budgets which were meant to be constant between 2012 and 2015.These financial projections are indicated below

X5 FINANCIALS

year revenue Total cost Total profitability

2012 492,861,819 348,939,108 29%

2013 378,331,427 286,271,536 24%

2014 186,025,046 181,047,289 3% 24%

2015 137,927,070 154,729,529 -12%

X6 Financials

year revenue Total costs Total profitability

2011 786,851,911 347,514,430 33%

2012 809,316,039 544,485,167 33%

2013 343,283,703 255,988,959 25%

2014 237,731,058 190,646,845 20%

X7 financials

Year Revenue Total costs Total profitability

2012 43,411,367 56,617,344 30%

2013 61,833,138 56,617,344 -1%

2014 87,444,976 70,166,147 20%

2015 122,312,118 80,894,498 34%

The former VP’s projected financials indicate that the revenue as well as the total costs of X5 is expected to decrease as the years go by. It also shows that that profits to the company from X5 are equally expected to go down between 2012 and 2015.The same is expected from X6, the revenues and costs are going down between 2012 and 2015.The profitability of X6 is also expected to decrease but not as much as that of X5.X7 on the other hand is expected to have an increase in costs and revenues. The profits from X7 are also expected to go up (Catherine, 2011).

Market reviewThere was also a market review that he conducted which entails the market saturation of the particular product, the new sales that are made from the product as well as repeated sales from the products. The tables show the market reviews for the three products of the years 2011 to 2015.

Year Market saturation New sales Repeat sales

2011 31% 94% 64%

2012 54% 21% 72%

2013 80% 48% 23%

2014 9% 20% 51%

2015 100% 3% 26%

Year Market saturation New sales Repeat sales

2011 16% 147% 126%

2012 37% 104% 60%

2013 67% 78% 3%

2014 95% 40% -58%

2015 100% 4% -31%

year Market saturation New sales Repeat sales

2011 2% – –

2012 3% 45% 43%

2013 4% 44% 42%

2014 6% 4% 44% 41%

2015 8% 44% 39%

The market review indicate that all the products will be fluctuating when it comes to their saturation in the market, the number of new sales as well as the number of repeat sales. Since X5 and X6 are already known by customers due to their longer existence in the market it is expected that by 2015 they would have completely saturated the market as opposed to X7 which is a new product and the customers are still getting to know it.

Proposed alternate strategyAn alternative strategy is therefore needed so as to ensure that the company reaps maximum benefits from the three products independently.X5 has been in the market for three years which means that it already has an established niche. However, so as to achieve the company’s goal the niche has to be increased through the use of various promotional strategies. It will also require that X5 is tested so as to ensure that the customers raise no concern on its performance.X6 has been in the market for two years (peters, 2009).The new model X7, raises issues of both performance and price and therefore there should be comprehensive strategies in place which will ensure that the sales will be increased and at the same time acquire a large market share. In the year 2012, X7 showed a decline in its profits and the trend is seen to continue due to the application of poor strategies. Despite the fact that there is an increase in revenue there is still for a change in strategy since X7 is fairly new in the market. There should also be an increase in saturation of all the three models. This is because if all the products are well saturated in the market there will be more sales made from new as well as repeat customers’ .This will eventually bring the profits from the three products up considerably (Brainmass, 2011).

Therefore different results can be achieved depending on the operation strategies as well as the decisions that will be made. First if the company’s performance when it comes to the three products has to be improved there should be changes made with the prices of the commodities as well as changing their R&D .From the market information it is indicated that the levels of sales of X5 are the highest followed by X6 and X7.Therefore in order to get maximum profits more resources will need to be allocated to X5 and less to X6 and X7.If the price stimulations are done appropriately then there would be an increase in profits from the three products between 2012 and 2015.More funds should therefore be allocated to research and development so that the market saturation of all the three products can be achieved. This strategy of stimulation can stimulate the products into their growth phase.X7 has a very high potential when it comes to customers and hence there should be strategies in place which will ensure that the sales levels of the product are increased (Brainmass, 2011).

At the end of 2012 X6 has a market saturation of 16% this is an indication that it is a the growth stage of its life cycle, this means that the product should still get allocations of R&D as well as get appropriate pricing. The pricing strategy that should be used is penetration meaning that its price should be brought down to ensure that it is made more competitive.X6 has been marketed as the leader when it comes to its technology. This means that there is need to invest highly on R&D to ensure that it stays as the market leader. since X7 is at the stage where it is being introduced in its lie cycle, it should be marketed as a price leader.

References

Brainmass.(2011). Tablet Development Company – Joe Schmoe Report.retrieved April 11,2013 from http://brainmass.com/business/other/449962Catherine,W.(2011).Buisness strategy.retrieved April 11,2013 from http://www.articlesalley.com/article.detail.php/136241/208/Article_Writing/Writing/29/Business_StrategyJohnson,W. (2002). Harvard business review on advances in strategy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Peters.S (2009). Harvard business review on corporate strategy. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press.

The Childrearing Differences Between the Efe and the Japanese

Student’s Name

Institution

The Childrearing Differences Between the Efe and the Japanese

Introduction

The Japanese and the Efe have managed to hold on to their cultural practices amidst rising narcissism levels. Such are the cultures that have kept them as communal families, with so few instability cases. Though culturally different, the two communities achieve the same goal, which is to propagate infant growth and development in a way that protects the cultural beliefs of the society (Rogoff, 2003).

Differences in Childrearing

The rearing of an infant is collective responsibility among the Efe. A child is shown love and care by every member of the community and grows into the communal adaptation.Unlike the Efe that encourage communal lifestyle, the Japanese embrace childrearing from a different angle. Infant education is a mother’s responsibility and the father rarely exhibits the love that is characteristic of the Efe (Kent, 2006).The Efe mothers have the responsibility of feeding and caring for the infants. Breasts are infant reservations and cannot be used otherwise, including for sexual stimulation. As such, nursing and breastfeeding is prolonged. If there is milk left upon satisfaction of a child, younger siblings all get to have a taste. Resultant to that, children grow active and healthy.Mothers carry their babies, most of the time at the front with no garment between to facilitate skin contact. Wrapping of the kids to protect them from the cold is done in a way that is inclusive of both the mother and the infant. The skin contact creates a nursing situation that is baby-led and continues for a period of six months (Kent, 2006)..The intensive nursing by the mother is an activity that goes on for up to five years, even after some other deliveries. The Efe also believes in guidance by nature and do not take so many precautionary measures for their children. Children are hardly punished by adults.The father equally plays a central role in the molding of a child. They prioritize to be present during delivery and pride in holding their youngsters just after delivery.Fathers hug, plays with and hold their children for extended durations of time. That, they believe, is their way of showing the father’s unconditional love.Though the Efe lives as a tightly knit social unit, not as much attention is given to the children by the community and the extended family. They have an obligation to show love and care but the primary is left to the mother and a father (Kent, 2006)..Among the Japanese, the mother plays an equally vital role in the nurturing of the children and breastfeed their babies for the first one year. They involve the infants in face to face games and carry and rock them a lot. They use an affect-salient communication and do a lot of baby talk to improve the infant speech abilities (Rogoff, 2003).The Japanese encourage close physical contact and believe that children should be treated with leniency (Doi, Shwalb, & Shwalb, 1996).The father does not play an essential role in childrearing among the Japanese and most of the activity is lefty to the mother. The father’s primary duty is to provide protection and economic sustenance. He only actively participates in meting out punishment (Doi, Shwalb, & Shwalb, 1996).

Conclusion

The wide contrasts in the way the two societies bring up their children marks the disparities between them. The Japanese form a more individualistic society and the Efe develop a communally based organization that requires the participation of all.

References

Doi, T., Shwalb, B. J., & Shwalb, D. W. (1996). Japanese childrearing: Two generations of scholarship. New York [u.a.: Guilford Press.

Kent, S. (2006). Cultural diversity among twentieth-century foragers: An African perspective. Cambridge [u.a.: Cambridge University Press.

Rogoff, B. (2003). The cultural nature of human development. Oxford [UK: Oxford University Press.

The Cloning Technology

The cloning technology is not completely developed thereby it is considered as unsafe mode and it could be prone to abuse and has a concern on the way individuals can integrate with the society. In future technology should improvise and invent a new mode to replace cloning since it is not acceptable in the society. Cloning is a very unsafe matter that society may not be willing and ready for. Human cloning has so many ethical issues that make it so impossible to happen. The major issue is its purpose in which is done to create tissues and other organs to treat patients who cannot acquire transplants. After the cloning humans organs have been extracted, and then it is destroyed since its purpose has been accomplished.

The society feels that human cloning should be discontinued since animal experiments leads to many failures and a high rate of abnormalities since they are intended for a transplant purpose. The pregnancies result in live birth. This causes too many fears to the society and even the cloned human feel they are not normal since they were not naturally born. Religious groups oppose therapeutic cloning since they refer it as usurping God’s place and the embryos used being viewed as destroying human life. Cloning of animals is opposed by animal-groups due cloned animal suffering due to malformations before them dying.

Cloning is very expensive and it is difficult for the society to afford and accept it. The people affected are those who have problems such as infertility or need transplant of an organ. These people can do anything for them to lead a normal life. Therefore the society can disagree on the cloning but the decision is made by the individuals wanting transplants and reproductions. If the individuals who make decisions believe in individual rights having dominance over the society then genome mapping and cloning will be prohibited and end of life issues will be decided by the individuals whose lives are ending. However, if the people charged with making decision believe in the society over the rights of individuals then genome mapping and cloning will be practiced enthusiastically believing that they can develop the human situation and that this overshadows the trampling of individual rights which shall occur.

Reference

Kfoury C. Therapeutic cloning: promises and issues. Mcgill J Med. 2007 Jul;10(2):112-20. PMID 18523539

The Chinese Cultural Values in Individual Roles And Responsibilities As Derived From Confucius Philosophy (2)

Name

Date

Instructors Name

Course Number

The Chinese Cultural Values in Individual Roles And Responsibilities As Derived From Confucius Philosophy

Individual duties and responsibilities to our families, friends, government and society are beyond our capacity to act as we deem fit. However, the shared interests and beliefs attained through participation and cooperation both at the individual level, and the societal level founds the responsibilities. To live a fulfilling life, according to early Chinese culture, it is essential to understand the shared beliefs and the common interests of people living in that community. These values determine people’s behaviour, which reflects the roles of individuals to society. Early Chinese culture require individuals to accomplish duties and responsibilities to families, friends, government and society at large by aligning their actions with commitment, harmony, honesty, benevolence, and righteousness, these values are derived from the philosophy of Confucius.

Portraying the acts of honesty, wisdom, righteousness and benevolence from how the people advocated the same during the particular times, explains the sources of these values in the Chinese culture. The core societal value is harmony as it brings coordination between humankind and nature and people of the society. Harmony leads to the growth of other values such as honesty, commitment, benevolence and righteousness. Harmony enhances the relationship between the government and the people of the community. Duties and Responsibilities of individuals were based on the societal and government roles or service to friends and family. The Chinese culture provided the foundation of societal roles, especially in families and service to the society, as well as the government in providing services to the community.

Individuals are expected to accomplish their duties and obligations with honesty through trustworthiness, integrity and credibility. (Analects, 66) In one Confucius quotes says, “I do not see how a man can be acceptable who is untrustworthy in his word”. Through this quote, the Chinese culture understood that honesty is a vital value in gaining trust from society. A man has to be honest to be accepted by the community. Most importantly, in obtaining wealth, an individual should consider other individuals to acquire wealth reasonably through their labour and not by committing crimes or cheating. From the master’s words in (Analects, 61), “poor yet delighting in the way, wealthy yet observant of the rites”. Lau still stresses on honesty in acquiring wealth through this saying. The Chinese Culture embraced this value among its people to improve the services to family, friends and society. Honesty in work develops acceptance from the community and trust from friends and family.

According to Confucius philosophy in (TTCh, 58), Zhiming says,” honesty help the government achieve their duties serenely”. This means that honesty is essential in running the government and individual duties to the government. When the government is not suspicious, the people in the society believe in it as they are able to explain the governments activities and works. The individuals in the Chinese culture trust their government because of the virtue of honesty, which creates the foundation of its activities. As individuals give their honest opinions and suggestions on the state of government, it easily develops strategies to serve the people and accomplish duties efficiently. A credible government attracts trustworthiness of the society, which in turn creates honest individuals. Honesty value was derived from the Confucius philosophy and adapted by the Chinese culture. Honesty also applies to familial connections in efforts to make it stronger.

Individuals should extend the virtue of benevolence to familial ties and blood connections. Using the Confucius philosophy, (Analects, 73) through a quote says, “benevolent man is attracted to benevolence because he feels at home in it”. The quote shows the importance of familial ties and the satisfaction brought by the same. Benevolence is valued in the Chinese culture as it states the benefits of the familial relations, by blood, in friendships and the relationship between people in the society. Benevolence has kept the Chinese people together through their cultural values. Confucius philosophy is the source of these values, and it encourages values such as wisdom, loyalty and self-discipline among people in the society hence instilling peaceful coexistence. The peaceful coexistence motivates individual and societal prosperity. It founds the importance of performing one’s roles to the community in the Chinese culture. When an individual develops benevolence within oneself, it drives them towards the same value as it creates the feeling of completeness and peace, which makes it easy for the individual to dwell in that situation.

A quote from Confucius philosophy says, “when a man sets his heart on benevolence, he will be free of evil” (Analects, 73). The quote shows that benevolence is a very vital virtue as it brings one too close to heart. It directs an individual to practice honesty and depart from evil activities. Benevolence makes it possible to express love and kindness from the heart hence gives the sense of equality for every individual. Therefore, loving everyone and being kind to them prevents one from planning evil against one another and instead wish for the best for them and even by being part of their happiness and successes. Benevolence creates the togetherness in the Chinese culture hence justifies the service to one another. Equality indeed supports prosperity for every individual, therefore, frees the society from evil. By bringing family and blood relatives close shows love and commitment to one’s specific duties.

Individuals should accomplish their duties with commitment. Just as (Analects, 66) says in one of Confucius philosophy quotes, “Faced with what is right, to leave it undone shows lack of courage”. This quote means that individuals should commit themselves to do right regardless of the obstacles. Challenges are a part of human life, and it requires courage to overcome them. When people have the interest and are committed to achieving successful lives, they attain prosperity. In Chinese society, when an individual performs their roles regardless of the challenges they face, it defines courage and becomes an example to others. Failure to tackle the issue at hand describes cowardice; hence, the individual cannot earn respect from society. Confucius founded this value and embraced by Chinese culture. It also states that duties accomplished by a committed individual are usually perfect and to the standard required by the society and government, which contributes to the growth of people and society.

Besides courage in commitment, (Analects, 66) uses Confucius Quote that,” Commitment bears positive results”. This quote means that with commitment to duties as dictated by the society and government, one is predisposed to succeed. Chinese culture uses its rites to encourage involvement in its individuals. Just as derived from Confucius philosophy, with the laid-out responsibilities and roles of every individual, commitment is essential. It pushes one to ensure they are successful in their work. This value applies to the functions in the families, to friends and those developed by society. To add on, the government also gives responsibilities to individuals in society, and it is only possible to perform them if one is committed to attaining the set objectives and goals. Committed individuals work to the expectation of the society hence bear positive results of growth and an excellent example to other people. Commitment to doing things righteously is well advocated in the ancient Chinese culture.

Justice and correctness should dictate our daily activities and decisions, righteousness is key to success in ancient Chinese culture. (Strange writing, 100) says, “There are not only individual benefits but also collective and social benefits”. Yang meant that one should do what is right and avoid harming others since through the Confucius theory, Justice not only seeks to benefit an individual, but also the society at large. On the other hand, correctness is the basis for justice. As individuals are corrected whenever they go wrong, they do the same by showing concern to other people’s issues hence supporting and creating an advantage to the social lives of individuals. The Chinese society believes that everyone is responsible for the growth or failure of the country. This value is supported by encouraging individuals to seek what benefits themselves and also the society. Justice and correctness develop the value of righteousness in people, that help in daily activities and decision making, on matters affecting individuals and the society.

(Strange writing, 103) in a Confucius philosophy quote says, “Give me your head and your sword and I will avenge you” This showed that no matter the command from the top, it is always your duty to abide by it and do the right thing. Correctness instilled in people’s minds, directs them to know the right and wrong. Therefore, as command comes from the top, an individual should first evaluate if it is right to abide by it or not. Also, in an anthropology of poetry and criticism by women writers of china, a poem on the heartfelt feeling of separation expresses the failure of paying respect to dead parents (APC, 31). The Chinese performs the rites of last respect to date, which shows that the Confucius philosophy is the source of righteousness value embraced by the Chinese culture. Righteousness is a virtue that cannot be omitted in our daily life as it dictates the choices made in performing the daily activities.

It is essential to understand the shared beliefs and the common interests of people living in a particular place to understand what individual people owe to their friends, families, societies, and governments. Commitment to one’s responsibilities and roles, honesty towards one’s sources of wealth, benevolence towards people of the family and community, as well as righteousness encompassing correctness and justice, are the virtues aligned with one’s obligations and duties as expected by the society and the government. The Chinese culture has these values, which derived from the Confucius Philosophy. It is from the philosophy that the culture was able to set its societal values in performing individual roles and responsibilities to the society, family, friends and the government.

In general commitment, honesty, benevolence, and righteousness are the basis for peaceful coexistence and fulfilment of obligations to families, friends, government and the society in the Chinese culture and derived from the Confucius Philosophy.

List of References

1. Chang, Saussy. Women writers of Traditional China: An Anthology of Poetry and Criticism. (Stanford University Press, California)

2. Lau, D.C. Confucius: The Analects (New York: Penguin, 1979).

3. Strange Writing : Yang, Xianyi Poetry and prose of the Han, Wei, and Six Dynasties (Beijing: panda Book, 1986).

4. Zhiming, Yuan. Tao Te Ching Original Text and A Modern Interpretation. (Bloomington, United States, 2010).

The Chinese Cultural Values in Individual Roles And Responsibilities As Derived From Confucius Philosophy

Name

Date

Instructors Name

Course Number

The Chinese Cultural Values in Individual Roles And Responsibilities As Derived From Confucius Philosophy

Portraying the acts of honesty, wisdom, righteousness and benevolence from how the people advocated the same during the particular times, explains the sources of these values in the Chinese culture. According to (Cua, n.d) the basic virtues are considered important, leading and guiding, cardinal and very compendious. The core societal value is harmony as it brings coordination between humankind and nature and people of the society. Harmony leads to the growth of other values such as honesty, commitment, benevolence and righteousness. Harmony enhances the relationship between the government and the people of the community. Duties and Responsibilities of individuals were based on the societal and government roles or service to friends and family. The Chinese culture provided the foundation of societal roles, especially in families and service to the society, as well as the government in providing services to the community.

Individuals are expected to accomplish their duties and obligations with honesty through trustworthiness, integrity and credibility. (Lau, 66) In one Confucius quotes says, “I do not see how a man can be acceptable who is untrustworthy in his word”. Through this quote, the Chinese culture understood that honesty is a vital value in gaining trust from society. A man has to be honest to be accepted by the community. Most importantly, in obtaining wealth, an individual should consider other individuals to acquire wealth reasonably through their labour and not by committing crimes or cheating. From the master’s words in (Lau 61), “poor yet delighting in the way, wealthy yet observant of the rites”. Lau still stresses on honesty in acquiring wealth through this saying. The Chinese Culture embraced this value among its people to improve the services to family, friends and society. Honesty in work develops acceptance from the community and trust from friends and family.

According to Confucius philosophy, (Lau 59) gives a quote that, “It is rare indeed for a man with cunning words and an ingratiating face to be benevolent”. The quote links honesty to benevolence. An honest individual could easily acquire the value of benevolence to other people of the society. Honesty is a foundation for one to possess different values. Possession of the value of openness creates a good relationship with the people in the society. When one is honest, they are trusted by individuals, which creates kindness and love to other people of the community. The Chinese culture leadership and governance is based on honesty since its citizens believe an honest government. Honesty can also be applied to familial connections in efforts to make it stronger as it creates trust and kindness towards fellow family members.

Individuals should extend the virtue of benevolence to familial ties and blood connections. Using the Confucius philosophy, (Lau 73) through a quote says, “benevolent man is attracted to benevolence because he feels at home in it”. The quote shows the importance of familial ties and the satisfaction brought by the same. Benevolence is valued in the Chinese culture as it states the benefits of the familial relations, by blood, in friendships and the relationship between people in the society. Benevolence has kept the Chinese people together through their cultural values. Confucius philosophy is the source of these values, and it encourages values such as wisdom, loyalty and self-discipline among people in the society hence instilling peaceful coexistence. The peaceful coexistence motivates individual and societal prosperity. It founds the importance of performing one’s roles to the community in the Chinese culture. When an individual develops benevolence within oneself, it drives them towards the same value as it creates the feeling of completeness and peace, which makes it easy for the individual to dwell in that situation.

A quote from Confucius philosophy says, “when a man sets his heart on benevolence, he will be free of evil” (Lau 73). The quote shows that benevolence is a very vital virtue as it brings one too close to heart. It directs an individual to practice honesty and depart from evil activities. Benevolence makes it possible to express love and kindness from the heart hence gives the sense of equality for every individual. Therefore, loving everyone and being kind to them prevents one from planning evil against one another and instead wish for the best for them and even by being part of their happiness and successes. Benevolence creates the togetherness in the Chinese culture hence justifies the service to one another. Equality indeed supports prosperity for every individual, therefore, frees the society from evil. By bringing family and blood relatives close shows love and commitment to one’s specific duties.

Individuals should accomplish their duties with commitment. Just as Lau 66 says in one of Confucius philosophy quotes, “Faced with what is right, to leave it undone shows lack of courage”. This quote means that individuals should commit themselves to do right regardless of the obstacles. Challenges are a part of human life, and it requires courage to overcome them. When people have the interest and are committed to achieving successful lives, they attain prosperity. In Chinese society, when an individual performs their roles regardless of the challenges they face, it defines courage and becomes an example to others. Failure to tackle the issue at hand describes cowardice; hence, the individual cannot earn respect from society. Confucius founded this value and embraced by Chinese culture. It also states that duties accomplished by a committed individual are usually perfect and to the standard required by the society and government, which contributes to the growth of people and society.

Besides courage in commitment, (Lau 66) uses Confucius Quote that,” Commitment bears positive results”. This quote means that with commitment to duties as dictated by the society and government, one is predisposed to succeed. Chinese culture uses its rites to encourage involvement in its individuals. Just as derived from Confucius philosophy, with the laid-out responsibilities and roles of every individual, commitment is essential. It pushes one to ensure they are successful in their work. This value applies to the functions in the families, to friends and those developed by society. To add on, the government also gives responsibilities to individuals in society, and it is only possible to perform them if one is committed to attaining the set objectives and goals. Committed individuals work to the expectation of the society hence bear positive results of growth and an excellent example to other people. Exemplary commitment to doing things is well advocated in ancient Chinese culture.

Justice and correctness should dictate our daily activities and decisions. Righteousness is key to success in ancient Chinese culture. According to (Lau 63) book, a quote from Confucius analects, says, “When your parents are alive, comply with the rites in serving them; when they die, comply with the rites in burying them; comply with the rites in sacrificing to them”. Confucius, through the quote, stresses on compliance to rites to at all times. Conforming to rights depicts righteousness to the culture. In addition, according to (Tsai, 159) righteousness is the inner core of morality that guides an individual in their lives. The Chinese culture, currently complies to the rites during every occasion, either during ceremonious times and also during funerals and sad moments. The quote gives the importance of righteousness as it is the basis of harmonious relationships with friends, society and the family. The citation uses parents as the example hence showing that being righteous to the rites guides on the roles one has to their families and society. Justice and correctness develop the value of righteousness in people, that help in daily activities and decision making, on matters affecting individuals and society.

The Chinese culture holds their rites in high esteem as it guides them in performing their culture and in their responsibilities in society. As (Lau 70) says, “You will be looked upon as obsequious by others if you observe every detail of the rights in serving the lord”. The quote stresses more on righteousness to the culture’s rites and the impact that one receives from complying with the rites. The quote is from Confucius philosophy but is used by the Chinese culture to ensure respect and obedience to the rites of their culture. As one earns respect from other people because of observing rights, they can serve society and their families with ease. Trust is earned through respect. Confucius provides the importance of righteousness to the community hence is adapted to by the Chinese culture. Righteousness is a virtue that cannot be omitted in our daily life as it dictates the choices made in performing the daily activities.

It is essential to understand the shared beliefs and the common interests of people living in a particular place to understand what individual people owe to their friends, families, societies, and governments. Commitment to one’s responsibilities and roles, honesty towards one’s sources of wealth, benevolence towards people of the family and community, as well as righteousness encompassing correctness and justice, are the virtues aligned with one’s obligations and duties as expected by the society and the government. (Confucius-1.com, 2019) article states that the Confucius analects has been the foundation of Chinese education for almost two thousand years. This statement proves that the Chinese culture values were derived from the Confucius Philosophy. It is from the philosophy that the culture was able to set its societal values in performing individual roles and responsibilities to the society, family, friends and the government.

List of References

Confucius-1.com. (2019). Analects of Confucius. [online] Available at: http://www.confucius-1.com/analects/ [Accessed 21 Nov. 2019].

Cua, A. (n.d.). Confucian philosophy, Chinese. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Lau, D.C. Confucius: The Analects (New York: Penguin, 1979).

Tsai, D. (2005). The bioethical principles and Confucius’ moral philosophy. Journal of Medical Ethics, 31(3), pp.159

The choice to pursue a bachelor’s degree

The choice to pursue a bachelor’s degree has been one of the most fulfilling. I decided on this path due to my interest in finding out how and why humans think and behave the way they do. My bachelor’s degree has taught me a great deal about human thought process and inspired me to pursue further studies in occupational therapy. I find that psychology is an excellent foundation towards becoming an occupational therapist.

My passion for helping others is the most powerful driving force behind my desire to become an occupational therapist. I specifically want to help people with Parkinson’s, dementia, suffered from TBI’s and stroke and other similar problems. These kinds of illnesses are usually debilitating and take a significant toll on the patients’ mental and physical wellbeing. When individuals who previously lived an independent and self-sufficient life have to rely on others, it could discourage them and slow down their healing process. As an occupational therapist, helping such people get back on their feet literally and figuratively would be very fulfilling. Another personal attribute I consider extremely useful in this career choice is my optimistic nature. I always look on the bright side amid any challenge. I hope to transfer this attitude to my patients, which will help them get in a good mental space essential for healing.

Before narrowing I decided to pursue occupational therapy, I considered further studies in psychology. I would like to work with patients, offering counseling and more hands-on work. For this reason, I found that occupational therapy would be a better fit for my goals. Occupational therapy involves finding interventions for patients through everyday activities. It is more hands-on and involving than psychology. The idea that I can help someone get their life back on track by helping with the most mundane activities brings me a lot of satisfaction.

I have spent some time volunteering in a local hospital shadowing occupational therapists and this confirmed my decision to pursue the same career. This volunteer experience has shown me how much impact occupational therapy has on patients’ lives. Examples of patients in the program include people who had been injured in road accidents, patients in early stages of dementia, elderly patients among others. I saw the significant improvements that the patients made from the time they started therapy to the time they completed their program. The therapists assessed the patients’ needs, came up with appropriate interventions, and assisted patients through these interventions. I saw recoveries that I considered miraculous, and I would be honored to transform the lives of people in their time of need.

The Chorale and Church Cantata

Student’s Name

Intuitional Affiliation

The Chorale and Church Cantata

Chorale is a musical piece designed to praise God. It is usually sung in church by a large number of people. Lutheranism had emphasis on the believer-Christ connection. This connection had to be achieved through direct communication; that was to be conducted using vernacular language. Chorales composed in German and easy to sing and remember were harmonized into church choirs.Cantata, on the other hand, was a musical piece composed to reinforce the sermon from a minister who were mainly Epistle and Gospel readings on Sundays and any other Bach holidays. They were long recitations in different movements that included a duet, aria, recitatives, and choruses.

Cantata No. 140: Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme, by Bach

Movement I

Four phrases of different lengths make up the first movement. The phrases’ lengths vary between two and five bars. A A B is the form of the chorale and there are three vocal melodies that have been employed to resonate out movement I. The chorale melodies are sopranos that have been doubled by horn.Three voices enter imitatively with note runs that are joyous to paint the word alleluia(01:25) in the first movement. The same scenario is repeated with the phrase Wake up(01:18) The text for this painting is; Wake up and take your lamps.

Movement IV

The chorale melody is carried by the tenor in this movement. The other presentations in this movement are soprano and base. The chorale tunes also have with them a faster rhythmic value in comparison to the other movement discussed above.

Movement VII

The chorale of movement IV has all voices taking part, in contrast to the other movements. The texture of the homophones is simple with four voices that are doubled by the instruments. The instruments do not play their own melodies.

Ev’ry Valley Shall be Exalted, by Handel

There are different word paintings in which rapid musical lines are formed from numerous notes. In the first instance, in the Orchestral section(00:00), phrases are repeated at different dynamic levels at the Instrumental Introduction. The second instance, in the text Ev’ry valley, shall be exalted, there are rapid notes on exalted(00:21). At 00:55, there is a low tone on low in the line And ev’ry mountain and hill made low. The fourth instance has a wavy melody on crooked and a smooth melody on plain(01:01). The text for that painting is; The crooked straight and the rough places plain. Lastly, there are word paintings on exalted, mountain, low, crooked and plain(01:41). These are derived from the text; Ev’ry valley shall be exalted, and ev’ry mountain and hill made low, the crooked straight and the rough places plain.

Hallelujah Chorus

In the chorus, there is as sweeping variety by impulsive changes in the polyphonic, monophonic and homophonic textures. Handel also repeats the phrases and words overly, as has been the ordinary in choral music.

The Chosen People edited

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The Chosen People

The functionalist perspective of sociology holds that each aspect in society depends on other aspects and plays a role in society’s stability together with its functioning. Any society takes the course that fits it well given the conditions that exist that particular society, and provided that that action helps to preserve the society (Farley and Flota 53). The situations in which different societies exist are very different, for example, the different climatic conditions (Farley and Flota 53).

Emile Durkheim defined a society as a system of interrelated parts (Ferrante 28). According to Ferrante (28), functionalists use the human body, comparing it with society. Similarly, in group action, people join efforts to achieve a certain goal. Just like the human body, the society is made up of many parts, such as schools, laws and norms, sports and religion. Each of these systems plays a role that contributes to the society’s stability. The interdependence of the systems brings the aspect of the principle of interdependency according to Farley and Flota (53). The view was also shared by Comte and Spencer while developing their social theories, which is still more relevant to date since society has become more complex and interdependent. For example, in a school setting, a faculty member is required to teach, and students are needed to learn. However, effective learning depends on several other people and organizations (Farley and Flota 53). All the involved parties must undertake their respective roles and functions effectively in order to achieve the goal of effective learning. The principle of function comes in at this point.

According to Brym and Lie (9), each structure’s function plays a role in the stability of the society at large. Durkheim put it that social stability leads to social order, which, if it lacks, there exists high suicide rates and many strikes from workers (Brym and Lie 9). In line with this, consensus and cooperation principles of this theory are essential. Every society has some values that almost everyone in the society agrees with. For example, most of the Americans agree that they need freedom and democracy, which they all fight for (Farley and Flota 54). People come into consensus in order to achieve cooperation, like in group action, which is necessary for interdependency to be achieved. People cooperate when they feel that they share some things in common, which leads to solidarity. Durkheim viewed social solidarity as the moral cement that binds people together (Brym and Lie 9).

Functionalist theorists also came with the principle of equilibrium, which has it that once a society reaches a form best suited to its situation; it reaches a state of balance. The society remains in that condition, until some other conditions sets in and makes it to change (Farley and Flota 56). Some of the things factors that can distort the equilibrium state include climate change, advancement in the level of technology or the interactions with other societies. The society undergoes some changes that enable it to adapt to the new situations and eventually reach an equilibrium state. Functionalists argued that reestablishing equilibrium could help in solving social problems (Brym and Lie 9).

Merton said that parts of a social system could have dysfunctions, which could either be latent or manifest. Manifest dysfunctions are the anticipated interruptions that occur to order and stability in the society, for example, shortage of clean public toilets and piled garbage (Ferrante 29). Latent dysfunctions are unintended disruptions to order and stability. For example, celebrating excessively which leads to missing classes or work. Any system that is functional today can become dysfunctional in the future, so it is important to consider all aspects when studying any element of the social structure (Farley and Flota 56).

Works cited

Brym, Robert and Lie, John. Sociology: Your compass for a new world, brief edition: Enhanced edition. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2009. Print.

Farley, John and Flota, Michael. Sociology, sixth edition. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers, 2011. Print.

Ferrante, Joan. Sociology: A global perspective, enhanced. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2010. Print.

The Changing Face of HIV

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The Changing Face of HIV

Adults, adolescents, and pregnant women are all at risk of contracting the HIV. Health professionals should ensure they give recommendations to those who require HIV testing for early detection, counseling, and treatment. Objective is to increase HIV screening in healthcare settings. Professional nurses should recommend that individuals undergo at least one screening annually to reduce transmission, foster early counseling, and control the spread of HIV. It is important to screen pregnant women reduce the risks of mother to child transmission.

Persons infected by the HIV virus are those exposed to the virus. HIV susceptibility is a concept that describes the likelihood of an individual being infected. Highly susceptible persons are those exposed to the virus. Additionally, those with sexually transmitted infections and diseases are more susceptible to infection than those without. Herpes virus-2 (HPV-2) is the most common infection related to HIV. People who seek treatment to control its symptoms are less likely to contract HIV. Furthermore, treatment or prevention of these infections reduces a person’s risk of contracting HIV.

Nurses should encourage patients to adhere to their prescriptions and other medication by making them understand that missing doses can increase the risk of transmitting the virus to other people. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) prolongs the lives of persons with HIV. To maximize individual and public health benefits, high level of adherence to antiretroviral treatment is necessary. Nurses should counsel all HIV-infected persons on the benefits and risks of ART. Additionally, they should advice patients that inadequate taking of medication may lead to them developing resistance to medication. Nurses should also encourage HIV patients to continue with other prevention measures, commit themselves to long-term monitoring, and follow up visits.

The Changing Nature of Death Penalty Debates

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The Changing Nature of Death Penalty Debates

Introduction

The death penalty debate has continued since twenty five years ago. As a result of the arguments that have been made about the nature of the death penalty, there have been changes in seven specific areas which include innocence, retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, cost, caprice and bias. The recent social science research findings have brought different opinions on the nature of death penalty and the analysis indicates that the social science scholarships have changed the way the Americans perceive the death penalty. In particular, when the American revisited from the past, the analysis indicated that the Americans have been making gradual changes towards complete elimination of the capital punishment.

The Theory of the Penalty Debate

He gradual changes in the nature of death penalty began in 1972, when the United States Supreme Court declared a few of the death penalty statutes to be unconstitutional. As a result of these changes, 630 inmates who were on death rows were resentenced to life imprisonment. Most of the court official considered the opinion never to witness execution again. Among the other inmates that were exempted from the death rows included 65 juveniles whose conviction to death penalties predated their birthdays. The reason for the need from the Supreme Court to reverse the statutes on capital punishment was because of the increasing number of inmates that had been executed under the high rates of the courts proceeding with the conviction for the death penalty. Initially, the public debated relied on the aspects of religious principles, deterrence, and cost. In additional, in the last 25 five years, racial, bias and the tendency to execute the innocent was inevitable. With the changing debate from public opinions and debates, the social science has been at the centre of the emerging reforms (Radelet & Borg, 2000).

The article focus is on the dimensions that were implemented by the Supreme Court as a result of integration of the social science research on the nature of capital punishment that was being imposed on the American inmates.

Methodology

The public opinion over the past 25 years has vacillated. According to the data that was collected by Gallop polls, statistics indicated that there majority of the people from the public advocated capital punishment as the suitable way of executing the convicted inmates. For instance, a data that was collected from Gallop polls in 1980 showed in an estimate two third of the Americans were in support of the death penalty. The Gallop polls were conducted in surveys by collecting opinions from the public on how they perceived the death penalty. In 1991, about 76 percent of the Americans supported death penalty. The rates fluctuated until a Florida poll show that the rate had dropped to 63 percent (Radelet & Borg, 2000).

Findings

As the article reveals, the nature of death penalty that was imposed on the American inmates was conditional. Further fluctuations in the death probe were found to be influenced by the way people discussed the issue, particularly due to the examinations from social science research on how the different death penalties affected the social welfare of the individual under death rows.

Among the key aspects of social science on the death penalty was the deterrence. Deterrent worked in three ways: celerity, certainty and severity. However, all these methods of deterrent were found not to be the best forms of punishment; instead, criminologists preferred long-term imprisonment as the most appropriate approach to deterrent since it was more severe than the three aforementioned ways. Incapacitation and as was perceived in the past, heinous killers were executes in order to prevent them from killing again. After research, it was found that the odds of recidivists’ murders and even in prison homicides were low; instead, such criminals made positive adjustments in their social behaviors compared to the other inmates that were charged with felony. On caprice and bias, research, initially, more whites that blacks were convicted to death penalty on the inference that they were more likely to kill a black person than the reverse. However, after 1998 opinion polls, people suggested suspects to be convicted on the basis on the compelling evidence and case study methodology. In addition the tendency for the courts to impose the death penalty on a person on the basis of cost and miscarriage of justice, have has changed to other to other lenient measures such as retribution and the trend towards abolition. As a result of the United Nations, the death penalty has been revised under the international treaties and the UN Commission of Human Rights; to introduce other suitable ways such as amnesty and parole.

Conclusion

The goal of the paper was to examine the six aspects of social science research that has changes the way people view the death penalty for over the last 50 years in the American history. As the article has indicated, the death penalty has been reduced to long-term life imprisonment and in the recent administration of justice, to lesser punishments such as the amnesty and parole.

References

Radelet, M.L., & Borg, M.J. (2000). The changing nature of death penalty debates. Annual

Review of Sociology, 26, 43-61.