The impact of Parenting styles to child’s behavior
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Some of the parenting styles are more effective compared to others. These parenting styles are different from one family to another and can even vary each day within a family. All parents take strict and indulgent decisions at some occasions. According to Baumrind, there are four important dimensions of parenting (Baumrind, 1978).These dimensions are disciplinary strategies, communication styles, warmth and nurturance and expectations of control and maturity. These dimensions are what were used to come up with the parenting styles. Many articles give information of the four types of parenting styles.
Authoritative parenting style
In this type of parenting, there are rules and guidelines that are established for the child to follow. Despite it having rules and guidelines, this parenting style is very democratic. If a child fails to follow the rules that have been set, they end up being punished (Leslie, 1988).Parent who use this parenting style end up being more responsive to their children and are always ready to answer their questions. In case a child does not meet their expectations, the parents act in a nurturing and forgiving way as opposed to punishing the children (Hotelling, 2008).Besides monitoring their children, parents who use this style usually impart distinct standards for their children’s conduct.
These parents are very assertive but not restrictive or intrusive. Parents use disciplinary methods that are supportive and not punitive. These disciplinary methods normally promote self-regulation, assertiveness, responsible behavior and cooperation. Right from an early stage, parents have expectations which they clearly define and also have limits which they enforce. Children have limited choices that assist them in learning and get an experience of the choices they make. With these choices, parents are able to balance their children’s freedom and responsibilities. Children with some control and ownership in life have a high self-esteem and end up being more cooperative. In this style, parents focus mainly on encouraging and acknowledging good behavior. They are also keen on discipline that teaches and is not intimidating with punishment (Bornstein, &Putnick, 2012)
Authoritarian parenting style
According to Baumrind, parents who use this parenting style focus on obedience and they are status oriented and expect children to follow their orders without giving any explanation. In this parenting style, parents fail to give an explanation to their reasoning behind the set rules and guidelines (Baumrind, 1978).These parents have high standards in place but they end up not being responsive to children.
Some of the practices used in the authoritarian style are linked to evangelical effort that stresses domination over a child or breaking their will. The parents do not allow their children to give feedback which leaves the children being unhappy and quiet. In this parenting style there is use of forceful and punitive measures to enforce good behavior in children that leads to resentment, anger and deceit. Children who chose to go along with their parents wishes end up having a difficulty to think for themselves. On the other hand, children might decide to rebel against these controlling methods their parents are using (Hotelling, 2008).
Permissive parenting style
In this type of parenting, parents are indulgent and they demand very little from their children. In many cases, these parents do not discipline their children since they have low expectations when it comes to self-control and maturity. They normally encourage their children and have no limits set for them. Permissive parents are more responsive and less demanding. They are termed as non-traditional due to their leniency, they allow self-regulation, and often avoid any confrontations. The parents are communicative and nurturing towards their children and are more of friends compared to parents. It is not fair to raise a child without any limits or often changing the set limits. A child does not want or need to live a life without limits (Fan, & Zhan, 2010).
Uninvolved parenting style
In this parenting style, the parents show low responsiveness, low communication and have few demands. They are not demanding and neither are they responsive when it comes to their children. Furthermore, they have no interest in any feedback from their children. They normally provide the basic needs to their children but detach themselves from their lives. There are extreme cases whereby parents end up neglecting the basic needs of their children. In short, there is no parenting involved in this case.
Impact of parenting styles
The different parenting styles have an impact on the development outcomes of children. In authoritarian parenting style, the children end up becoming obedient and proficient. However, they have a poor ranking in self-esteem, social competence and happiness. Children brought up using the authoritative parenting style end up being capable, successful and happy in life (Fan, & Zhan, 2010).
In permissive parenting, children end up having a low rank in self-regulation and happiness. These children end up having problems with authority and have poor performance in school. Parents who use this parenting style end up having children who are not independent and selfish since they are not taught the effect of their actions on other people. The children end up being aggressive, impulsive and are low when it comes to taking responsibility. Since these children are raised without limits they end up having no sense of responsibility, have difficulties in relationships and find the world to be a difficult place to live (Bornstein, &Putnick, 2012)
Children brought up using uninvolved parenting style have the lowest ranking in all the domains in life. They have low self-esteem, lack self-control and are less competent as compared to their peers. The children have few rules and are often ignored or they live in hostility and end up being aggressive and noncompliant. They have low self-esteem and show anger towards other people. Most of them show antisocial behavior and eventually become criminals (Hotelling, 2008).
The authoritative parenting style is more advantageous compared to other styles. When a child perceives the requests from their parents as being fair and reasonable, they are likely to comply with the requests. Children have a high chance of internalizing the reason as to why they are behaving in a particular way and hence attain a greater self-control (Bornstein, &Putnick, 2012).
Discussion
Articles on different parenting styles give detailed explanations of what these styles entail. They define the different parenting styles and give adequate information that makes one understand these styles. These articles also show how the different parenting styles impact the behavior of children. They illustrate how these parenting styles impact behaviors and give the outcomes of each parenting style. A weakness in these articles is that they fail to give adequate support to the reasons behind the conclusions made. They do not have concrete examples of scenarios where the parenting styles have been used and resulted to the particular behavior of a child. These articles have also failed to put into consideration other factors that impact behavior of children. The behavior of a child does not solely depend on the parenting style used and hence the articles ought to have put this into consideration.
These articles support each other in all ways. The explanations given on parenting styles in these articles is same the only difference is the language that is used in the articles. These articles do not differ in any way and they all have similar information on parenting styles. In fact, in most of these articles the sequence of how the parenting styles have been discussed is same. The evidence in the articles tells us that a child’s behavior is greatly influenced by the parenting styles used by parents. It proves that there is an existing relationship between parenting styles and children behavior.
Besides parenting styles, there are other factors that influence the behavior of children. Researchers have to look further into the other factors that influence behavior and not base their conclusion on one thing. Based on the information from the articles, it can be concluded that parents play a significant role in the development of the behavior of their children. Parents have to be keen on the parenting style they use in order for their children to develop good behavior. From the findings, it is possible to refine the topic further and have it as “parenting styles have an impact on a child’s behavior”. It suggests that parenting styles have an influence on the behavior of a child (Krause, 2009).
Conclusion
The different parenting styles have an impact on the development of behavior in children. Authoritative parenting style is associated with positive behaviors such as self-competence and high self-esteem. However, other factors besides parenting style like children’s perceptions, culture and social influences can impact the behavior of a child.
References
Baumrind, D. (1978). Parental disciplinary patterns and social competence in children. Youth and Society, 9, 238-276.
Bornstein, M. &Putnick, D. (2012). Cognitive and Socioemotional Caregiving in Developing Countries. Child Development, 83(1), 46-61
Fan, J., & Zhang, L. (2010). The role of perceived parenting styles in thinking styles. Learning and Individual Differences.
Top of FormBottom of FormHotelling, B. (2008). Styles of Parenting. Journal of Perinatal Education, 42-44.
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Krause, P. (2009). Handbook of parenting styles, stresses and strategies. New York: Nova Science.Top of Form
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Leslie, P. (1988). The influence of parenting styles and attitudes on the self-concept of the preschool child. S.l.: S.n.].
Owen, P. (1983). Seven styles of parenting. Wheaton, Ill.: Tyndale House. Top of Form
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Sheh, N. (2013). Parenting styles and early childhood behavioural functioning a comparison between self-reported and observed parenting styles.
Warash, Bobbie. (2007). “Are Middle Class Parents Authoritative with a Touch of Permissiveness?” Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin 74. 2 28-31.
