Twenty important women contributing to American society to the Civil War
Name
Institution
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Clendenning, J. (2007). The American novel. Retrieved from: <http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americannovel/timeline/stowe.html>
Gerson, N. B. (1976). Harriet Beecher Stowe: A biography. New York.
Haugen, B. (2005). Harriet Beecher Stowe: Author and advocate. Minneapolis, Minn: Compass Point Books.
Harriet Beecher Stowe was born in Litchfield on June 14, 1811. She was enrolled in Catherine’s school, which followed the classical learning course that was reserved for young men (Clendenning, 2007). She was born in a family of 13 children, 7 boys and 6 girls. She was an antislavery crusader, which led to her publication, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a novel that led her to achieving national fame (Gerson, 1976). Among some of her other books and publications were, The minister’s wooing, Oldtown folks, and Pearl of Orr’s island among others (Haugen, 2005).
Queen Elizabeth 1
Burt, D. S. (2001). The biography book: A reader’s guide to nonfiction, fictional, and film biographies of more than 500 of the most fascinating individuals of all time. Westport, CT: Oryx Press.
Havelin, K. (2002). Queen Elizabeth I. Minneapolis: Lerner.
Weir, A. (2008). The life of Elizabeth I. New York: Ballantine Books.
Elizabeth Tudor, Queen Elizabeth 1, was born in Greenwich palace on September 7, 1533. She was a bright child, who went through formal education through tutoring from some of Cambridge University’s brightest minds. She was the daughter to King Henry VIII and Queen Anne Boleyn. Even though she did not openly adore religion, she was able to study theology as well as offer support to the protestant cause even though she was a catholic (Burt, 2001).
Harriet Tubman
Bauer, M. D., & Lyon, T. (2010). Harriet Tubman. New York: Scholastic.
Humez, J. M. M. (2003). Harriet Tubman: The life and the life stories. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press.
McGowan, J. A., & Kashatus, W. C. (2011). Harriet Tubman: A biography. Santa Barbara, Calif: Greenwood.
Harriet Tubman was born into slavery at around 1820. Tubman was born Araminta Ross, but decided to change her initial name to Harriet, which was after her mother (Bauer and Lyon, 2010). Harriet was an African American humanitarian, abolitionist and was a Union spy during the civil war in America. Her major historical contribution was making rescue missions for freeing some of her friends and family from slavery (Humez, 2003). She was able to do this by using the Underground Railroad, and is known to have saved 300 slaves, later pointing it out on Fredrick Douglass that she did not lose and passenger (Humez, 2003). Afterwards, she decided to settle in Auburn, New York, where she spent the rest of her life to her death in the year 1913 (McGowan and Kashatus, 2011).
Susan B. Anthony
Gordon, A. (2000). American National Bibliography Online. Retrieved from: <http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-00021.html?from=../16/16-03580.html&from_nm=Nichols%2C%20Clarina%20Howard>
McPherson, S. S. (2006). Susan B. Anthony. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications Co.
Todd, A. M. (2009). Susan B. Anthony: Activist. New York: Chelsea House Publishers.
Susan B. Anthony was born in Massachusetts on February, 1820. She was brought up in a family that considered males and females as equal, which led to her desire to establish equality in the world. Susan was a skillful political strategist, through which she was able to amass support in opposition to the 14th and 15th amendments in the constitution, which did not enfranchise women. After her trial and conviction in the year 1872 for voting, she led a women protest in the year 1876 to fight for equal rights for women. Before this, she published a radical paper, The Revolution, whose content advocated for equality.
Askew Mary Brown
Foxe, J., & King, J. N. (2009). Foxe’s Book of martyrs: Select narratives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Historical society of Pennsylvania. (2012). Women during the civil war. Retrieved from: <http://hsp.org/collections/catalogs-research-tools/subject-guides/women-during-the-civil-war>
Tal, K. (2004). Women in particular: An index to American women. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press.
Even though Brown’s birthplace and date, she lived in Burlington, New Jersey. She is a representation of a woman that has no ties to war, which led her to avoid writing about some of the news in the city. However, due to her commitment to church matters, being an active Presbyterian, her writing on the regiments left the city at a war outbreak.
Elizabeth Blackwell
National Women’s History Museum. Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910). Retrieved from: <https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/elizabeth-blackwell/>
Greene, C. (1991). Elizabeth blackwell: First woman doctor. S.l.: Scholastic, Inc.
Robbins, T., Martin, C., & Timmons, A. (2007). Elizabeth Blackwell: America’s first woman doctor. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press.
Elizabeth Blackwell was born near Bristol, England in 3 February 1821. After living in Bristol for 11 years, she moved with her family to the US. Blackwell was the first woman ever to graduate from medical school, before which she faced criticism from the public as well as fellow students. Before returning to England for her private practice, she created a women’s medical school in the United States.
Abigail Adams
First lady bibliography: Abigail Adams. Retrieved from: <http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=2>
Burt, D. S. (2001). The biography book: A reader’s guide to nonfiction, fictional, and film biographies of more than 500 of the most fascinating individuals of all time. Westport, CT: Oryx Press.
Hubbard-Brown, J. (2009). Abigail Adams: First Lady. New York: Chelsea House Publishers.
Abigail Adams was one of the most influential women in the revolutionary America. She was born in Weymouth, Massachusetts in 11 November 1744 in a family of four, three sisters and one brother. After her marriage to John Adams, and a consequential separation from him afterwards, she stayed at home and saw her children through formal education. Her entertaining role as the wife of the vice president continued even after his husband was elected as the president of the country, after which she retired to their home on Quincy where she died in the year 1818.
Louisa May Alcott
Delamar, G. T. (2001). Louisa May Alcott and “Little women”: Biography, critique, publications, poems, songs, and contemporary relevance. Lincoln, NE: IUniverse. com.
Saxton, M. (1995). Louisa May Alcott: A modern biography. New York: Noonday Press.
Stern, M. B. (1999). Louisa May Alcott: A biography. Boston: Northeastern Univ. Press.
Louisa May Alcott was a famed novelist born on 29 November 1832 in Pennsylvania. Both her father and some of their family friends taught her. She did her writing under a number of pseudonyms, and after her commitment to writing was when she started using her name. Before her death in the year 1888, she wrote a novel, “Little Women,” which gave her a lifetime financial independence and financial stability.
Elizabeth Fisher
Burt, D. S. (2001). The biography book: A reader’s guide to nonfiction, fictional, and film biographies of more than 500 of the most fascinating individuals of all time. Westport, CT: Oryx Press.
Fatherly, S. (2008). Gentlewomen and learned ladies: Women and elite formation in Eighteenth Century Philadelphia. Bethlehem [Pa.: Lehigh University Press.
Born in Pennsylvania in the year 1871, Elizabeth was a renowned painter of landscapes and portraits, and was a great-grandniece of George Washington, the first president of the United States. For this reason, she became a member of Colonial Dames of America as well as the Magna Carta Dames. However, she was fully devoted to art after studying in the Philadelphia Museum School of Industrial Art, which is now the Philadelphia College of Art. Through her art, she could express her delight in some of the things in the world, thereby leaving a prosperous artistic legacy upon her death in the year 1953.
Helen Grier
Daughters of the American Revolution. (1946). Daughters of the American Revolution magazine. Washington, D.C: National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution.
Daughters of the American Revolution., & Fendrick, V. S. (1944). Pennsylvania. Franklin County Chapter: American Revolutionary soldiers of Franklin County, Pennsylvania. Chambersburg, Pa.
Grundset, E., Diaz, B. L., Gentry, H. L., & Strahan, J. D. (2008). Forgotten patriots: African American and American Indian patriots in the Revolutionary War : a guide to service, sources and studies. Washington, D.C: National Society Daughters of the American Revolution.
Helen Grier is known for her sporadic diary, which she began writing on 21 november 1862, in Philadelphia. She was born in the year 1846, later getting married to James Hervey McClurg and having two children with him. She is famous for providing food for the soldiers during the civil war and praying for them.
Martha Jefferson
Ambrosius, L. E. (2004). Writing biography: Historians and their craft. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
Burt, D. S. (2001). The biography book: A reader’s guide to nonfiction, fictional, and film biographies of more than 500 of the most fascinating individuals of all time. Westport, CT: Oryx Press.
Grimes, R. (1993). My Thomas: A novel of Martha Jefferson’s life. New York: Doubleday.
Martha Jefferson was born Martha Wayles Skelton in the year1748, in Charles City County, Virginia. Martha died tragically at the age of 33 years, which was twenty years before her husband, Thomas Jefferson, was elected for presidency in the United States. She was not only the firs, but she was the only wife of Thomas Jefferson. There are people who indicate that her illness emanated from her last pregnancy, since she fell ill soon after giving birth to her second daughter.
Mary Edward Walker
Mary Edwards Walker: Civil war doctor. Retrieved from: <http://www.northnet.org/stlawrenceaauw/walker.htm>
Joinson, C. (2006). Civil War doctor: The story of Mary Edwards Walker. Greensboro, N.C: Morgan Reynolds Pub.
Goldsmith, B. Z. (2010). Dr. Mary Edwards Walker: Civil War surgeon & medal of honor recipient. Edina, Minn: ABDO Pub.
Mary Walker was born in Oswego, New York, on 26 November 1832. After her graduation from the Syracuse Medical College, she served as an assistant surgeon before her capture by the Confederate army. This was during the civil war. Among her achievements was a Congressional Medal of Honor for her voluntary services as a volunteer nurse during the civil war. Being a human rights activist, Walker was giving lectures on the rights of women, suffrage and dress reform. She later died in Oswego in the year 1919.
Florence Nightingale
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Bishop, W. J., & Goldie, S. (1962). A bio-bibliography of Florence Nightingale. London: Dawsons of Pall Mall, for the International Council of Nurses with which is associated the Florence Nightingale International Foundation.
Nightingale, F., & Vallée, G. (2001). The collected works: An introduction to her life and family. Waterloo, Ont: Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press.
Strachey, L. (2013). The Biography of Florence Nightingale. Lanham: Start Publishing LLC.
Florence Nightingale, whose father was a wealthy landowner, was born on 12 may, 1820 in Florence, Italy. Her father was her teacher, who taught her different subjects that were inclusive of Greek, French, Italian, German, history, Latin, mathematics and philosophy. At the age of seventeen, Florence felt that God was calling her to fulfill an unnamed great cause. Despite opposition from her parents, she decided to study nursing, something that assisted her in the later years to assist the sick British army officers who were suffering from malaria and cholera through some of her contacts in The Times. Her quest to bring about reforms in the army led her to publish two books, Notes on nursing (1859) and Notes on hospital (1859). She later died in the year 1910 while in London.
Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley
Burstyn, J. N., & Women’s Project of New Jersey. (1997). Past and promise: Lives of New Jersey women. Syracuse, N.Y: Syracuse University Press.
Cullen-DuPont, K. (2000). Encyclopedia of women’s history in America. New York: Facts On File.
Frost-Knappman, E., & Cullen-DuPont, K. (2005). Women’s suffrage in America. New York: Facts On File.
Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley, was born near Trenton, new jersey on October 13, 1754. She got her nickname, Pitcher during the American revolutionary War’s Battle of Monmouth. During this time, she used to carry water pitchers to the soldiers that were participating in the battle. Her husband collapsed during battle, after which she began operating his cannon, and in the year 1822, she was honored due to her bravery. She died on 22 January 1832, in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
Deborah Sampson
Burke, R. (2003). Deborah Sampson. Chicago: Heinemann Library.
Freeman, L. (1992). America’s first woman warrior: The courage of Deborah Sampson. New York: Paragon House.
Klass, S. S. (2009). Soldier’s secret: The story of Deborah Sampson.
Deborah Sampson is remembered as a secretive soldier who was able to disguise herself as a man in order to fight in the American Revolution. She was born on 17 December, 1760 in Plympton, Massachusetts. Sampson was wounded in battle near Tarrytown, after which she decided to tend to her wounds by herself since she did not want the authorities to identify her as a female soldier. Since her leg was not able to heal properly, she was hospitalized in Philadelphia, where the physician identified that she was a woman, after which he made arrangements that led to the revelation that Sampson was female. This discovery ended her military career and General Henry Knox discharged her honorably on 25 October 1783. She later died in Massachusetts on 29 April 1827 at the age of 66.
Clara Barton
Burton, D. H. (1995). Clara Barton: In the service of humanity. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
Burt, D. S. (2001). The biography book: A reader’s guide to nonfiction, fictional, and film biographies of more than 500 of the most fascinating individuals of all time. Westport, CT: Oryx Press.
Sloate, S. (1990). Clara Barton: Founder of the American Red Cross. New York: Fawcett Colombine.
Clara Barton was the founder of the American Red Cross, who was born in Massachusetts in the year 1821. She was born as the youngest in a family of five children. As a teenager, she began working as a teacher; later moving to Washington D. C. to work as for the patent office, and during her period in Washington, she took was not being treated well as a woman, which prompted her to fight for women’s rights to be treated equally in the different work places. During her early years, she was taking care of her brother, a factor that influenced her into taking care of soldiers during the civil war. Throughout the civil war, she was travelling to different battles in order to help the wounded soldiers, and through her bravery, she offered a comforting presence to the soldiers in the battlefield, who later identified her as the “Angel of the Battlefield. Later on, she lobbied and founded the American Red Cross, which was for helping victims of different disasters. She died in the year 1912.
Sojourner Truth
Mabee, C., & Newhouse, S. M. (1993). Sojourner Truth–slave, prophet, legend. New York: New York University Press.
Murphy, L. G. (2011). Sojourner Truth: A biography. Santa Barbara, Calif: Greenwood.
Painter, N. I. (1996). Sojourner truth: A life, a symbol. New York: W.W. Norton.
Born Isabella Baumfree, sojourner Truth spent the first 29 years of her life in slavery, where she was being sold from one owner to another to perform demanding tasks. She was born in Swartekill, New York the year 1797. During her years as a slave, she met her husband, Thomas, thereby having five children with him. After some time, Isabella ran away to freedom, thereby leaving her husband to the Quaker family. As a women’s rights activist, she was able to deliver a famous speech, “Ain’t I a woman?” after she had began having talks about women suffrage. She later died in her home in Michigan, on 26 November 1883.
Besty Ross
Miller, M. R. (2011). Betsy Ross and the making of America.
Randolph, R. P. (2002). Betsy Ross: The American flag, and life in a young America. New York: PowerPlus Books.
Silate, J. (2004). Betsy Ross: Creator of the American flag. New York: Rosen Central Primary Source.
Besty Ross was a fourth generation American, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the year 1752. Before her irrevocable split with her family, Besty was apprenticed with an upholsterer, ending up getting married outside the religion of the Quakers. She later joined her husband, John Ross, in the business. It is assumed that George Washington requested her to create the first American flag. However, she passed on at the age of 84 on January 30, 1836.
Lucy Stone
Hays, E. R., & Stone, L. (1961). Morning Star. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
Kerr, A. M. (1992). Lucy Stone: Speaking out for equality. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press.
Million, J. (2003). Woman’s voice, woman’s place: Lucy Stone and the birth of the woman’s rights movement. Westport, Conn. [u.a.: Praeger.
Lucy Stone, a cofounder of the American Equal Rights Association was born in the year 1818 in Dorchester, Massachusetts. She was an abolitionist and a very famous human rights activist, and did not fear to rebel against her parents when she decided to pursue higher education at the age of 16 years. During her schooling years in Oberlin college, the administration barred her from pursuing her passion in public speaking, a factor that did not deter her from being the first woman in Massachusetts to get a bachelors degree. She was later an acclaimed speaker, leading to her election as the president of the New Jersey Woman Suffrage Association. Even though she was advocating for women to be allowed to vote, she was not able to achieve this reality before her death in Dorchester on October 18, 1893.
